Cannabis, efectos adversos y terapéuticos. Revisión bibliográfica

Andrea Meléndez Cruz

Andrea Meléndez Cruz Hospital Sierrallana (Torrelavega, Cantabria, España)

Palabras clave: Cannabis, Efectos terapéuticos, Efectos adversos, Consumo

Key-words: Cannabis, Adverse effects, Therapeutic effects, Consumption

Resumen

El cannabis es una planta que podría tener aplicaciones terapéuticas, aunque produce un número considerable de efectos adversos. El consumo en población juvenil es elevado, aunque se consume a todas las edades. La vía de administración es intrapulmonar y, por su alta absorción, produce diversos efectos psicotrópicos y adversos. En nuestro medio se utiliza con finalidades recreativas. Se realiza una revisión de la literatura publicada con el objetivo de describir sus efectos adversos y terapéuticos. Su consumo regular se asocia con un conjunto de patologías de carácter psiquiátrico además de diversos efectos adversos sobre otros sistemas del organismo, generando problemática social y de salud pública. Por otro lado, los cannabinoides tienen potenciales efectos terapéuticos. Algunos derivados están comercializados para este uso. En la actualidad se está investigando el uso de derivados cannábicos en diversas indicaciones. Los profesionales de enfermería forman parte del equipo multidisciplinar, desarrollando competencias asistenciales, educadoras y preventivas. Es necesario continuar investigando para determinar cuál podría ser su correcta utilización en el campo de la salud y sus posibles usos en el futuro.

Abstract

Cannabis is a plant that could have therapeutic applications, although it produces a considerable number of adverse effects. Consumption in young people is high, and it is consumed at all ages. The administration of cannabis into the body is intrapulmonary, by smoking it. Its high absorption can produce different psychotropic and adverse effects. In our environment it is used for recreational purposes. This is a review of the literature published in order to describe the therapeutic and adverse effects. Its regular consumption is associated to a set of psychiatric pathologies. Besides, various adverse effects on other systems of the body can occur, generating social and public health problems. On the other hand, cannabinoids can have therapeutic effects. Some drugs are marketed for this use. Many experts are currently investigating the use of cannabis derivatives in different medical directions. Nurses are part of the multidisciplinary team, improving health care by developing educative and preventive abilities. It is necessary to continue investigating in order to determine not only its correct use in the field of health, but also its possible uses in the future.

Bibliografía

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Cannabis, efectos adversos y terapéuticos. Revisión bibliográfica

Cannabis, adverse and therapeutic effects. Review of the literature

Resumen

Abstract

Bibliografía