Grupo de síntomas de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y cuidados paliativos: una revisión sistemática

Victoria Cabal Escandón; Luz Adriana Montes Monsalve; Nelson Stiven Celis Sarmiento; Astrih Liliana Ortiz Mahecha

Victoria Cabal Escandón Universidad El Bosque (Bogotá, Colombia)
Luz Adriana Montes Monsalve Universidad El Bosque (Bogotá, Colombia)
Nelson Stiven Celis Sarmiento Universidad El Bosque (Bogotá, Colombia)
Astrih Liliana Ortiz Mahecha Universidad El Bosque (Bogotá, Colombia)

Palabras clave: Signos y síntomas, Enfermedad pulmonar crónica obstructiva, Cuidados paliativos

Key-words: Signs and symptoms, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Palliative care

Palavras chave: Signos e sintomas, Doença pulmonar crônica obstrutiva, Cuidados paliativos

Resumen

La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es una entidad patológica que se caracteriza por una serie de manifestaciones físicas persistentes como tos, fatiga, disnea y producción de esputo; síntomas que generan malestar en el paciente desde el momento del diagnóstico y que, al ser una enfermedad irreversible por el daño tisular que causa, progresivamente va incidiendo de manera negativa en la calidad de vida. De otra parte, se ha reportado presencia de síntomas psicológicos como depresión, inseguridad, ansiedad y alteraciones emocionales en los pacientes diagnosticados con EPOC. Así mismo, los pacientes con este diagnóstico tienden a desarrollar comportamientos que alteran sus relaciones sociales familiares y laborales, por cuanto tienden a aislarse debido a la sintomatología, especialmente física. La situación planteada genera la necesidad de desarrollar un trabajo de investigación con el objetivo de reconocer el clúster de síntomas físicos, psicológicos y sociales de los pacientes diagnosticados con EPOC, e identificar si se plantea un abordaje desde la atención paliativa. El estudio se desarrolló mediante una revisión sistemática de literatura en la que se identificaron 1776 artículos, de los que se evaluaron 41 para la identificación del clúster de síntomas. Se identificó el binomio disnea y tos, fatiga y expectoración como el clúster de síntomas físicos; la depresión y la ansiedad constituyen el clúster de síntomas psicológicos, y el impacto en la calidad de vida y la percepción de aislamiento o exclusión social

Abstract

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a pathological entity characterized by a series of persistent physical manifestations such as cough, fatigue, dyspnea and sputum production; symptoms that generate discomfort in the patient from the moment of diagnosis and that, being an irreversible disease due to the tissue damage it causes, progressively has a negative impact on quality of life. On the other hand, the presence of psychological symptoms such as depression, insecurity, anxiety and emotional disturbances has been reported in patients diagnosed with COPD. Likewise, patients with this diagnosis tend to develop behaviors that alter their family and work social relationships, as they tend to isolate themselves due to the symptoms, especially physical. This situation generates the need to develop a research work with the objective of recognizing the cluster of physical, psychological and social symptoms of patients diagnosed with COPD, and to identify if a palliative care approach is proposed. The study was developed through a systematic literature review in which 1,776 articles were identified, of which 41 were evaluated for the identication of the symptom cluster. The binomial dyspnea and cough, fatigue and expectoration were identified as the physical symptom cluster; depression and anxiety constitute the psychological symptom cluster, and the impact on quality of life and the perception of isolation or social exclusion

Resumo

A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) é uma entidade patológica caracterizada por uma série de manifestações físicas persistentes como tosse, fadiga, dispneia e produção de escarro; sintomas que geram desconforto no paciente desde o momento do diagnóstico e que, sendo uma doença irreversível pelo dano tissular que causa, tem progressivamente impacto negativo na qualidade de vida. Por outro lado, tem sido relatada presencia de sintomas psicológicos como depressão, insegurança, ansiedade e distúrbios emocionais em pacientes diagnosticados com DPOC. Mesmo assim, pacientes com este diagnóstico tendem a desenvolver comportamentos que alteram suas relações sociais familiares e laborais, pois tendem a se isolar devido à sintomatologia, principalmente física. A situação levantada gera a necessidade de desenvolver um projeto de pesquisa com o objetivo de reconhecer o cluster de sintomas físicos, psicológicos e sociais dos pacientes diagnosticados com DPOC, e identificar si propor uma abordagem de cuidados paliativos. O estudo foi desenvolvido mediante revisão sistemática da literatura na qual foram identificados 1776 artigos, dos quais 41 foram avaliados para identificação do clúster de sintomas. O binômio dispneia e tosse, fadiga e expectoração foi identificado como clúster de sintomas físicos; depressão e ansiedade constituem o clúster de sintomas psicológicos, e o impacto na qualidade de vida e percepção de isolamento ou exclusão social

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Grupo de síntomas de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y cuidados paliativos: una revisión sistemática

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Symptom Cluster and Palliative Care: A Systematic Review

Cluster de sintomas de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica e cuidados paliativos: uma revisão sistemática

Resumen

Abstract

Resumo

Bibliografía