El estrés en profesionales de enfermería y su relación con el sistema inmunológico: revisión integradora

Rita de Cássia De Marchi Barcellos Dalri; Maria Lúcia do Carmo Cruz Robazzi

Rita de Cássia De Marchi Barcellos Dalri Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, Brasil
Maria Lúcia do Carmo Cruz Robazzi Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, Brasil

Palabras clave: Enfermeras, Estrés fisiológico, Estrés psicológico, Sistema inmunológico, Inmunología

Key-words: Nurses, Phisiological stress, Psychological stress, Immune system, Immunology

Resumen

Objetivo: analizar evidencias científicas sobre el estrés en enfermeros y su relación con el sistema inmunológico. Método: las bases de datos LILACS; CINAHL; Scopus; Pubmed y Web of Science fueron seleccionadas para buscar estudios primarios indexados entre los años de 1985 a 2015; las palabras clave fueron seleccionadas de acuerdo con cada base de datos. Resultados: se localizaron 164 estudios; llevando en cuenta los criterios de selección se escogieron 17 de ellos; para la extracción de datos se utilizó un instrumento validado. El análisis de los datos fue descriptivo y se presentó en cuatro categorías de acuerdo con el lugar en donde los enfermeros actuaban: a) emergencia, Centro de Tratamiento Intensivo y hospital psiquiátrico; b) tratamiento de HIV/SIDA; c) administración; y d) área hospitalaria (sin identificación del sector). Conclusión: la profundización del conocimiento sobre esta temática puede contribuir para mejorar las condiciones de los laboratorios y la salud de esos profesionales y, sobretodo, utilizarlo para aumentar la calidad de la asistencia prestada a los usuarios.

Abstract

Objective: to analyze scientific evidence about stress in nurses and its effect on the immune system. Method: the electronic databases LILACS; CINAHL; Scopus; PubMed and Web of Science were used to search primary studies, published from 1985 to 2015; the keywords were selected according to each database. Results: 164 studies were found and considering the selection criteria, 17 were chosen; a validated instrument was used for data collection. Data analysis was descriptive, it was divided into four categories: nurses working in emergency unit, Intensive Care Units, and psychiatric wards; nurses working with patients with HIV/AIDS; nurses working in management occupations; and nurses working in Hospital sectors (without sector identification). Conclusion: a more profound knowledge of this subject can contribute to the improvement of the working conditions and health of these professionals and, above all, could result in a better-quality health care assistance to users.

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El estrés en profesionales de enfermería y su relación con el sistema inmunológico: revisión integradora

Stress in nurses and its effect on the immune system: an integrative review

Resumen

Abstract

Bibliografía