Monitorización de la carga asistencial de enfermería en unidades de hospitalización médica basado en acelerometría

Sendoa Ballesteros-Peña; Arantxa Picón-Santamaría; Gorka Vallejo-De la Hoz; Jon Ander Jauson-Maraña; Luis Alberto Cárdenas-González

doi:10.58807/revtesela20257648

Sendoa Ballesteros-Peña Biobizkaia Health Research Institute. Barakaldo, Bizkaia, España. Osakidetza, Hospital Santa Marina. Bilbao, España. Universidad de País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (EHU). España
Arantxa Picón-Santamaría Hospital San Juan de Dios. Gipuzkoa, España
Gorka Vallejo-De la Hoz Universidad de País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (EHU). España. Biobizkaia Health Research Institute. Barakaldo, Bizkaia, España. Osakidetza, OSI Barrualde Galdakao. Galdakao, España
Jon Ander Jauson-Maraña Osakidetza, OSI Barrualde Galdakao. Galdakao, España
Luis Alberto Cárdenas-González Osakidetza, OSI Bilbao Basurto. Bilbao, España

DOI: https://doi.org/10.58807/revtesela20257648

Palabras clave: Atención de enfermería, Carga de trabajo, Personal de enfermería, Administración de la atención de enfermería, Investigación en administración de enfermería

Key-words: Nursing care, Workload, Nursing staff, Nursing care management, Nursing administration research

Resumen

Introducción: Evaluar la carga asistencial de enfermería es clave para una adecuada dotación de personal en unidades de hospitalización. Objetivo: Analizar la utilidad del acelerómetro como método para monitorizar la carga asistencial en enfermeras de unidades de hospitalización médica. Método: Estudio observacional prospectivo realizado en dos hospitales, en el que las enfermeras registraron la distancia recorrida durante 1.331 turnos, usando un podómetro calibrado individualmente, y valoraron la carga asistencial percibida. Resultados: Se observó que en turnos percibidos como “alta” carga asistencial, la distancia recorrida fue significativamente mayor. Existieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la distancia recorrida según el hospital y el tipo de turno, reflejando particularidades organizativas. Conclusiones: La monitorización de la carga asistencial mediante acelerometría permite identificar objetivamente los turnos de mayor demanda en enfermería, siendo un método útil para ajustar recursos humanos, aunque limitado para captar tareas no asociadas al desplazamiento físico y dependiente del contexto de cada unidad.

Abstract

Introduction: Assessing nursing workload is essential for appropriate staffing in medical hospital units. Objective: To analyse the usefulness of accelerometry as a method for monitoring nursing workload in medical hospitalisation units. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in two hospitals, where nurses recorded the distance walked during 1,331 shifts using individually calibrated pedometers and rated their perceived workload. Results: Shifts perceived as having a “high” workload were associated with significantly greater distances walked. Statistically significant differences in distance were observed depending on the hospital and type of shift, reflecting organisational specificities. Conclusions: Monitoring nursing workload through accelerometry provides an objective means of identifying high-demand shifts and supports staff allocation decisions. However, the method is limited in its ability to capture tasks not involving physical movement, and results may vary according to each unit’s context.

Bibliografía

Andela M, Truchot D, Van der Doef M. Job stressors and burnout in hospitals: The mediating role of emotional dissonance. International Journal of Stress Management. 2016;23:298.

Baethge A, Muller A, Rigotti T. Nursing performance under high workload: A diary study on the moderating role of selection, optimization and compensation strategies. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2016;72:545-57.

RNAO. Nursing Workload Measurement Systems - A Discussion of the Issues. 2012. https://rnao.ca/sites/rnao-ca/files/storage/related/1554_RNAO_Workload_Measurement.pdf

Clopton EL, Hyrkäs EK. Modeling emergency department nursing workload in real time: An exploratory study. International Emergency Nursing. 2020;48:100793.

Racy S, Davidson PM, Peeler A, Hager DN, Street L, Koirala B. A review of inpatient nursing workload measures. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2021;30:1799-809.

Griffiths P, Saville C, Ball JE, Jones J, Monks T; Safer Nursing Care Tool study team. Beyond ratios - flexible and resilient nurse staffing options to deliver cost-effective hospital care and address staff shortages: A simulation and economic model-ling study. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2021;117:103901.

McHugh MD, Aiken LH, Sloane DM, Windsor C, Douglas C, Yates P. Effects of nurse-to-patient ratio legislation on nurse staffing and patient mortality, readmissions, and length of stay: a prospective study in a panel of hospitals. The Lancet. 2021;397:1905-13.

Rosenberg K. Minimum nurse-to-patient Ratios Improve Staffing, Patient Outcomes. American Journal of Nursing. 2021;121:57.

Hellín Gil MF, Ruiz Hernández JA, Ibáñez-López FJ, Seva Llor AM, Roldán Valcárcel MD, Mikla M, et al. Relationship be-tween Job Satisfaction and Workload of Nurses in Adult Inpatient Units. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022;19:11701.

Liu Y, Aungsuroch Y, Yunibhand J. Job satisfaction in Nursing: A conceptual analysis study. International Nursing Review. 2016;63:88-96.

Bae SH. Nurse Staffing, Work Hours, Mandatory Overtime, and Turnover in Acute Care Hospitals Affect Nurse Job Satis-faction, Intent to Leave, and Burnout: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Public Health. 2024;69:1607068.

Babamohamadi H, Davari H, Safari AA, Alaei S, Pordanjani SR. The association between workload and quality of work life of nurses taking care of patients with COVID-19. BMC Nursing. 2023;22:234.

Santos-Lozano A, Garatachea N. Tendencias actuales de la acelerometría para la cuantificación de la actividad física. Re-vista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte. 2012;1:24-32.

Sánchez-Sánchez MM, Campos-Asensio C, Arias-Rivera S. Workloads of intensive care nurses. Validity of their estimation using mobile applications and comparison with Nursing Activities Score. Systematised review of the literature. Enfermería In-tensiva (English Edition). 2024;35:229-41.

Monitorización de la carga asistencial de enfermería en unidades de hospitalización médica basado en acelerometría

An accelerometry-based system for monitoring nursing workload in medical hospitalisation units

Resumen

Abstract

Bibliografía