Prevenção da dor na punção venosa em crianças: estudo comparativo entre anestésicos tópicos

Luís Manuel da Cunha Batalha; Maria Matilde Marques Correia

Luís Manuel da Cunha Batalha Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra. Unidade de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde: Enfermagem (Coimbra, Portugal)
Maria Matilde Marques Correia Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (Coimbra, Portugal)

Palabras clave: niño, dolor, anestésicos, enfermería

Key-words: Child, pain, anesthetics, nursing

Palavras chave: criança, dor, anestésicos, enfermagem

Resumen

Marco contextual: El anestesico topico ideal para prevenir el dolor por puncion deberia poseer alta eficacia, efecto rapido, buen perfil de seguridad, facil aplicacion, bajo coste y buena aceptacion. Objetivo: Comparar la efectividad de 5 anestesicos topicos en ninos que necesitan una puncion venosa. Metodologia: Estudio aleatorio controlado que involucro a 350 ninos (de 6 a 17 anos) a los cuales se los distribuyo de forma aleatoria en 5 grupos. El dolor se evaluo a traves de la Escala Visual Analogica (de 0 a 10 cm). Las diferencias entre los grupos se analizaron por las pruebas de Chi cuadrado y Kruskal-Wallis y, en los grupos, por la prueba Wilcoxon. Resultados: Todos los anestesicos revelaron eficacia en la prevencion del dolor (intensidad media del dolor . 1,1) y sin diferencias entre los grupos (p > 0,05). La facilidad de puncion, visibilidad y/o palpacion de la vena, el exito en la puncion y la cooperacion del nino fueron buenas y similares entre los grupos (p > 0,05). Conclusion: Solo existieron diferencias significativas entre los anestesicos topicos en los procedimientos requeridos en su aplicacion y costes, por lo que se debe repensar el uso del cloruro de etilo

Abstract

Background: The ideal topical anesthetic to prevent venipuncture pain should have high efficacy, a quick effect, a good safety profile, be easy to apply, low cost, and well accepted. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of 5 topical anesthetics in children who require venipuncture. Methodology: A randomized controlled study was conducted involving 350 children (6 - 17 years) who were randomly allocated to 5 groups. Pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (0 to 10 cm). Between-group differences were analyzed using the Chi-square test and the Kruskal-Wallis test and within-group differences were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. Results: All anesthetics were effective in preventing pain (mean pain intensity .1.1) and no between-group differences were found (p > 0.05). Ease of venous access, vein visibility and/or palpability, successful cannulation, and the childfs cooperation were good and similar between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The differences between topical anesthetics were only significant in the procedures required for their application and the costs, for which reason the use of ethyl chloride should be reconsidered

Resumo

Enquadramento: O anestesico topico ideal para prevenir a dor por puncao deveria possuir alta eficacia, efeito rapido, bom perfil de seguranca, facil aplicacao, baixo custo e boa aceitacao. Objetivo: Comparar a efetividade de 5 anestesicos topicos em criancas que necessitam de uma puncao venosa. Metodologia: Estudo randomizado controlado envolvendo 350 criancas (6 - 17 anos) com alocacao randomizada em 5 grupos. A dor foi avaliada atraves da Escala Visual Analogica (0 a 10 cm). As diferencas entre os grupos foram analisadas pelos testes do Qui-quadrado e Kruskal-Wallis e, nos grupos, pelo teste Wilcoxon. Resultados: Todos os anestesicos revelaram eficacia na prevencao da dor (intensidade media de dor . 1,1) e sem diferencas entre os grupos (p > 0,05). A facilidade de puncao, visibilidade e/ou palpacao da veia, o sucesso na puncao e a cooperacao da crianca foi boa e semelhante entre os grupos (p > 0,05). Conclusao: As diferencas significativas entre os anestesicos topicos apenas existiram nos procedimentos requeridos na sua aplicacao e custos, pelo que se deve repensar o uso do cloreto de etilo

Bibliografía

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Prevenção da dor na punção venosa em crianças: estudo comparativo entre anestésicos tópicos

Prevention of venipuncture pain in children: a comparative study of topical anesthetics

Prevención del dolor en la punción venosa en niños: estudio comparativo entre anestésicos tópicos

Resumen

Abstract

Resumo

Bibliografía