Infecções de sítio cirúrgico em cirurgias ortopédicas de um hospital do estado do Pará, Brasil

Brenda dos Santos Coutinho; Andreza Dantas Ribeiro; Sheila Mara Bezerra de Oliveira; Monica Karla Vojta Miranda; Luiz Fernando Gouvea-e-Silva

Brenda dos Santos Coutinho Universidade do Estado do Pará (Santarém, Pará, Brasil) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5449-6003
Andreza Dantas Ribeiro Unidade Básica de Saúde Estrela do Norte (Rurópolis, Pará, Brasil) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0017-8488
Sheila Mara Bezerra de Oliveira Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar (Santarém, Pará, Brasil) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3388-1428
Monica Karla Vojta Miranda Universidade do Estado do Pará (Santarém, Pará, Brasil) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9610-0468
Luiz Fernando Gouvea-e-Silva Universidade Federal de Jataí (Jataí, Goiás, Brasil) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1953-9175

Palabras clave: Infección de la herida quirúrgica, Procedimientos ortopédicos, Factores de riesgo, Atención perioperativa

Key-words: Surgical Wound Infection, Orthopedic Procedures, Risk Factors, Perioperative Care

Palavras chave: Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica, Procedimentos Ortopédicos, Fatores de Risco, Assistência Perioperatória

Resumen

Objetivo: evaluar las infecciones del sitio quirúrgico para cirugías ortopédicas en un hospital público de referencia.
Materiales y método: estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo y retrospectivo, con datos de 2.870 pacientes que se sometieron a cirugía ortopédica, donde 60 registros muestran que los pacientes desarrollaron infección del sitio quirúrgico. La recolección de datos ocurrió de enero de 2015 a diciembre de 2019 en un hospital de referencia en la ciudad de Santarém, Pará, Brasil. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial.
Resultados: el sexo masculino predominó en la muestra (65,7 %) y en pacientes con infecciones del sitio quirúrgico (70 %). La edad media de la muestra fue de 44,6 ± 19,1 años, mientras que para los pacientes con infecciones del sitio quirúrgico fue de 46,2 ± 19,7 años. Se identificó una frecuencia de 2,1 % de infecciones del sitio quirúrgico. Los factores de riesgo asociados con esta afectación son: duración de la cirugía, el uso de un implante, el número de fracturas y el uso de prótesis de cadera (u otras). El perfil microbiológico estuvo compuesto por Staphylococcus aureus (35,1 %), Klebsiella pneumoniae (13,5 %) y Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13,5 %).
Conclusiones: en cirugías ortopédicas, el equipo de salud debe estar atento a las infecciones del sitio quirúrgico en pacientes de sexo masculino, adultos mayores, solteros y con educación básica. Así mismo, deben monitorear este tipo de infecciones en cirugías de larga duración, en presencia de implante, con un alto número de fracturas en el paciente y el uso de prótesis

Abstract

Objective: To assess surgical site infections in orthopedic surgeries at a public reference hospital.
Materials and method: Descriptive, quantitative and retrospective study, with data from 2,870 patients who underwent orthopedic surgery, where 60 patient records showed the development of surgical site infection. Data collection took place from January 2015 to December 2019 in a reference hospital in the city of Santarém, Pará, Brazil. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The male gender prevailed among the individuals in the sample (65.7%) and in the patients with surgical site infections (70%). The mean age of the sample was 44.6 ± 19.1 years and for patients with surgical site infections 46.2 ± 19.7 years. A 2.1% frequency of surgical site infection was identified. The risk factors associated with surgical site infection were: surgery duration, the use of an implant, the number of fractures, and the use of hip prostheses or others. The microbiological profile was composed by Staphylococcus aureus (35.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.5%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.5%).
Conclusions: In orthopedic surgeries, the health team must be aware of surgical site infections in male, elderly and single patients, with elementary education, as well as in surgeries with a long duration, in the presence of an implant, a high number of fractures, and with the use of prostheses

Resumo

Objetivo: avaliar as infecções de sítio cirúrgico em cirurgias ortopédicas de um hospital público de referência.
Materiais e método: estudo descritivo, quantitativo e retrospectivo, com dados de 2.870 pacientes que realizaram cirurgia ortopédica e 60 prontuários de pacientes que desenvolveram infecção de sítio cirúrgico. A coleta ocorreu de janeiro de 2015 a dezembro de 2019 em um hospital de referência localizado no município de Santarém, Pará, Brasil. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e inferencial.
Resultados: o sexo masculino predominou na amostra (65,7%) e nos pacientes com infecções de sítio cirúrgico (70%). A idade média da amostra foi de 44,6 ± 19,1 anos e dos pacientes com infecções de sítio cirúrgico de 46,2 ± 19,7 anos. Foi identificada frequência de infecções de sítio cirúrgico de 2,1%. Os fatores de risco associados às infecções de sítio cirúrgico foram duração da cirurgia, uso de implante, número de fraturas e uso de prótese de quadril ou outras. O perfil microbiológico foi composto de Staphylococcus aureus (35,1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (13,5%) e Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13,5%).
Conclusões: nas cirurgias ortopédicas, a equipe de saúde deve ficar atenta com as infecções de sítio cirúrgico em pacientes do sexo masculino, idosos, solteiros, com o ensino fundamental, bem como em cirurgias com longo tempo de duração, na presença de implante, com elevado número de fraturas e com o uso de próteses

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Infecções de sítio cirúrgico em cirurgias ortopédicas de um hospital do estado do Pará, Brasil

Infections at the surgical site for orthopedic surgery in a hospital in the state of Pará, Brazil

Infecciones del sitio quirúrgico de cirugía ortopédica en un hospital del estado de Pará, Brasil

Resumen

Abstract

Resumo

Bibliografía