Adaptability, cohesion and family functionality of nurses during state of emergency by Covid-19

Sílvia Manuela Dias Tavares da Silva; Carla Sílvia da Nova Neves Fernandes; Bruno Miguel Magalhães; Beatriz Edra

Sílvia Manuela Dias Tavares da Silva Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra (Coimbra, Portugal)
Carla Sílvia da Nova Neves Fernandes Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto (Porto, Portugal)
Bruno Miguel Magalhães Escola Superior de Saúde de Santa Maria (Porto, Portugal)
Beatriz Edra Escola Superior de Saúde de Santa Maria (Porto, Portugal)

Palabras clave: Enfermería, Enfermeros, Familia, Pandemias, Covid-19

Key-words: Nursing, Nurses, Family, Pandemics, COVID-19

Palavras chave: Enfermagem, Enfermeiros, Família, Pandemias, Covid-19

Resumen

Objetivo: evaluar la cohesión, adaptabilidad, y funcionalidad familiar de los enfermeros durante el tiempo de emergencia por covid-19. Materiales y método: se trata de un estudio exploratorio, cuanti-tativo, descriptivo y transversal. Se utilizó una muestra de bola de nieve no probabilística y por conveniencia. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico; un cuestionario para caracterizar la familia, la vivienda y la convivencia familiar; Escala de Evaluación del Ciclo Vital de Duvall; Escala de Adaptación y Cohesión Familiar (FACES II); y Escala de Calificación Familiar de Adaptación, Asociación, Crecimiento, Afecto y Resolución (ApGAR), que evalúa la funcionalidad familiar. Resultados: se obtuvieron 125 respuestas, y se identificaron como predictores de mejor ApGAR, Cohesión y Adaptabilidad: mejores condiciones de vivienda; familias con tres o más integrantes; familias maduras, con niños o hijos adultos; quienes están en teletrabajo, y familias en las que más de un miembro no está en aislamiento social. El incremento de la edad predice peor adaptabilidad y cohesión. Conclusiones: presentan disfunción moderada o severa 20,0 % de las familias (ApGAR). 4,8 % se clasifican como familia "extrema" y 39,2 % como “muy equilibrada” (FACES II), por tanto, de riesgo

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate nurses’ family adaptability, cohesion, and functionality during the state of emergency by COVID-19. Materials and method: The following is an exploratory, quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. We used a snowball sample, non-probabilistic, and for convenience. For data collection, we used an instrument consisting of a socio-demographic questionnaire; a family, housing, and cohabitation characteri-zation questionnaire; a Duvall’s Family Life Cycle Assessment Scale; a Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES II); and Family-Scale Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve (ApGAR) that measures family function. Results: 125 responses were obtained, being identified the follow-ing aspects as predictors of better ApGAR, Cohesion, and Adaptability: better housing conditions; families with three or more members; mature families, with children or adult chil-dren; individuals teleworking and households in which more than one member is not in social isolation. Increasing age is a predictor of lower adaptability and cohesion. Conclusions: Twenty percent of families (ApGAR) have moderate or severe dysfunction; 4.8 % are classified as “extreme” families, and 39.2 % as “very balanced” (FACES II), there-fore being at risk

Resumo

Objetivo: avaliar a coesão familiar, a adaptabilidade e a funcionalidade familiar dos enfermeiros durante o estado de emergência por Covid-19.Materiais e método: trata-se de um estudo exploratório, quantitati-vo, descritivo e transversal. Utilizou-se uma amostra em bola de neve, não probabilística e por conveniência. Para a coleta de dados, foram utiliza-dos um instrumento composto por um questionário sociodemográfico; um questionário de caracterização de família, habitação e coabitação; Escala de Avaliação do Ciclo Vital de Duvall; Escala de Adaptabilidade e Coesão Familiar (FACES II); Escala de Avaliação Familiar de Adapta-ção, Associação, Crescimento, Afeto e Resolução (ApGAR), que avalia a funcionalidade familiar. Resultados: obtiveram-se 125 respostas, sendo identificados como preditores de melhor ApGAR, coesão e adaptabilidade: melhores condi-ções de habitação; famílias com três ou mais membros; famílias maduras, com filhos ou filhos adultos; os que estão em teletrabalho; e agregados em que mais do que um membro não está em isolamento social. O aumento da idade é um preditor de pior adap-tabilidade e coesão. Conclusões: apresentam mode-rada ou acentuada disfunção 20 % das famílias (ApGAR); 4,8 % são clas-sificadas tipo de família “extrema” e 39,2 % como “muito equilibrada” (FACES II) e, portanto, em risco

Bibliografía

(1) World Health Organization (WHO). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report 78. Geneva: WHO; 2020. https://bit.ly/33NvNyF
(2) Lima CKT; Carvalho PMM; Lima IAAS; Nunes JVAO; Saraiva JS; Souza RI et al. The emotional impact of Coronavirus 2019-nCoV (new Coronavirus disease). Psychiatry Res. 2020;287:112915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112915
(3) Hu X; Huang W. Protecting the psychological well-being of healthcare workers affected by the COVID-19 outbreak: perspectives from China. Nurs Health Sci. 2020;22(3):837-838. https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12727
(4) Chen CC; Chi CY. Biosafety in the preparation and processing of cytology specimens with potential coronavirus (COVID-19) infection: perspectives from Taiwan. Cancer Cytopathol. 2020;128(5):309-316. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncy.22280
(5) Ness MM; Saylor J; di Fusco LA; Evans K. Healthcare providers' challenges during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: a qualitative approach. Nurs Health Sci. 2021; 23(2):389-397. https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12820
(6) Cook TM. Personal protective equipment during the coronavirus disease (COVID) 2019 pandemic - a narrative review. Anaesthesia. 2020;75(7):920-927. https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.15071Silva SMDT et al.Av Enferm. 2021;39(1supl):21-30.29
(7) Adriaenssens J; de Gucht V; Maes S. Determinants and prevalence of burnout in emergency nurses: a systematic review of 25 years of research. Int J Nurs Stud. 2015;52(2):649-661. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.11.004
(8) Kang L; Li Y; Hu S; Chen M; Yang C; Yang BX et al. The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(3): e14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30047-X
(9) Robinson R; Stinson CK. The lived experiences of nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 2020;40(3):156-163.https://doi.org/10.1097/DCC.0000000000000481
(10) Sampaio FM; Sequeira CM; Teixeira L. Nurses’ mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional study. J Occup Environ Med. 2020;62(10):783-787. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000001987
(11) Brooks SK; Webster RK; Smith LE; Woodland L; Wessely S; Greenberg N et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 2020;395(10227):912-920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
(12) LoGiudice JA; Bartos S. Experiences of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-methods study. AACN Adv Crit Care. 2021;32(1):14-26. https://doi.org/10.4037/aacnacc2021816
(13) Fisher J; Languilaire J-C; Lawthom R; Nieuwenhuis R; Petts RJ; Runswick-Cole K et al. Community, work, and family in times of COVID-19. Community Work Fam. 2020; 23(3): 247-252. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2020.1756568
(14) Zhang X; Zhao M; Li J; Shi L; Xu X; Dai Q et al. Associations between family cohesion, adaptability, and functioning of patients with bipolar disorder with clinical syndromes in Hebei, China. J Int Med Res. 2019;47(12):6004-6015. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060519877030
(15) Fernandes CS; Magalhães B; Silva S; Edra B. Perception of family functionality during social confinement by Coronavirus Disease 2019. J Nurs Heal. 2020;10(4):1-14. https://doi.org/10.15210/jonah.v10i4.19773
(16) Smilkstein G; Ashworth C; Montano D. Validity and reliability of the family ApGAR as a test of family function. J Fam Pract. 1982;15(2):303-311. https://bit.ly/3vjtXS6
(17) Olson DH. Circumplex model of marital and family systems. J Fam Therapy. 2000;22(2):144-167. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.00144
(18) Turkdogan T; Duru E; Balkis M. Circumplex model of family functioning in Turkish culture: Western family systems model in a Eurasian country. J Comp Fam Studies. 2019;50(2):183-199. https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.50.2.005
(19) Rodrigo MJ; Máiquez ML; Martín JC; Byrne S. Preservación familiar. Un enfoque positivo para la intervención con familias. 1.a ed. Madrid: Pirámide; 2008. 192 p.
(20) Huang L; Wang Y; Huang H. Factors associated with family cohesion and adaptability among Chinese registered nurses. J Clin Nurs. 2021;30(1-2):113-125. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15527
(21) Silva SM; Rodrigues RM. Os determinantes do envelhecimento: a ruralidade e a urbanidade. In: Zaida Azeredo, coordinator. Envelhecimento cultura e cidadania. Almada (Portugal): Edições Piaget; 2016. p. 9-53.
(22) Cardona Arango D; Segura Cardona Á; Segura Cardona A; Muñoz Rodríguez DI; Agudelo Cifuentes MC. La felicidad como predictor de funcionalidad familiar del adulto mayor en tres ciudades de Colombia. Hacia Promoc Salud. 2019;24(1):97-111. http://doi.org/10.17151/hpsal.2019.24.1.9
(23) Maunder R. The experience of the 2003 SARSoutbreak as a traumatic stress among frontline healthcare workers in Toronto: lessons learned. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B. 2004;359:1117-1125. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1483
(24) Lee SH; Juang YY; Su YJ; Lee HL; Lin YH; Chao CC. Facing SARS: psychological impacts on SARS team nurses and psychiatric services in a Taiwan general hospital. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2005;27(5):352-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2005.04.007
(25) Hofmeyer A; Taylor R. Strategies and resources for nurse leaders to use to lead with empathy and prudence so they understand and address sources of anxiety among nurses practising in the era of COVID-19. J Clin Nurs. 2021;30(1-2):298-305. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15520

Adaptability, cohesion and family functionality of nurses during state of emergency by Covid-19

Adaptabilidad, cohesión y funcionalidad familiar de los enfermeros durante el estado de emergencia por Covid-19

Adaptabilidade, coesão e funcionalidade familiar dos enfermeiros durante o estado de emergência por Covid-19

Resumen

Abstract

Resumo

Bibliografía