Relación entre los trastornos de marcha y equilibrio y el riesgo de caída tras sufrir un ictus

Ángela Macías Valle

Ángela Macías Valle Institute of Movement and Sport Gerontology, Universidad Alemana del Deporte de Colonia (Colonia, Alemania)

Palabras clave: Ictus, Envejecimiento, Marcha, Equilibrio, Miedo a caerse, Entrenamiento

Resumen

Objetivo Principal: En el presente estudio se investigó la relación entre la alteración de la marcha y el equilibrio, el riesgo de caídas y el miedo a caerse en personas afectadas por un ictus y en qué medida difiere de personas mayores sanas. Metodología: 23 sujetos participaron en este estudio, divididos en grupo experimental (afectados por ictus que participan en terapia deportiva) y grupo control (ancianos sanos) con edades comprendidas entre 60 y 90 años. Se realizaron la prueba de 10m y el test de Tinetti para evaluar la marcha y el equilibrio. La medición del miedo y la autoeficacia relacionada con la caída se determinó con la escala de confianza y equilibrio en las actividades específicas (ABC). Resultados: Se mostraron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos, con mejores resultados por parte del grupo control. Además, se observaron correlaciones moderadas entre el estado coordinativo y el comportamiento psicológico en el grupo experimental y fuertes en el grupo control. Conclusión princi-pal: la autoeficacia relacionada con la caída es menor en personas con una velocidad de marcha lenta y una capacidad de equilibrio alterada. El entrenamiento de la marcha y el equilibrio podría ser efectivo para disminuir el miedo a caerse.

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