Teoría de Situación Específica: intención de realizar pruebas de detección del Virus de Inmuno-deficiencia Humana en jóvenes

Delfino Hernández-García; Dora Julia Onofre-Rodríguez; Dafne Astrid Gómez-Melasio

doi:10.58807/indexenferm20257612

Delfino Hernández-García Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Enfermería. México https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8430-341X
Dora Julia Onofre-Rodríguez Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Enfermería. México https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1214-9761
Dafne Astrid Gómez-Melasio Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Facultad de Enfermería, Unidad Saltillo, México https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2608-1350

DOI: https://doi.org/10.58807/indexenferm20257612

Palabras clave: Virus de inmunodeficiencia humana, Teoría de enfermería, Diagnóstico, Programas de cribado diagnóstico, Prevención primaria

Key-words: Human immunodeficiency virus, Nursing theory, Diagnosis, Diagnostic screening programs, Primary prevention

Resumen

Objetivo: Construir una Teoría de Situación Específica (TSE) para explicar los factores que influyen en la intención de los jóvenes para realizarse pruebas de detección del Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH). Método: Se utilizó la técnica de subestructuración teórica, siguiendo los cuatro pasos propuestos. El análisis se fundamentó en el modelo de creencias en salud y en la revisión de la literatura relacionada con la temática. Resultados: Se identificaron factores influyentes, como la susceptibilidad y severidad percibida, características sociodemográficas, conocimientos y señales para la acción, que afectan la intención directa o indirecta. Asimismo, los beneficios y barreras percibidas influyen directamente, mientras que la autoeficacia percibida actúa de forma directa y como mediador en la intención para realizarse pruebas de detección en jóvenes. Conclusiones: La TSE proporciona un marco teórico claro y aplicable para el entendimiento de los factores que influyen en la intención de realizarse pruebas de detección en jóvenes.

Abstract

Objective: To construct a Situation-Specific Theory (SIT) to explain the factors that influence young people's intention to be tested for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Methods: The technique of theoretical sub structuring was used, following the four proposed steps. The analysis was based on the health beliefs model and the review of the literature related the subject. Results: Influencing factors were identified, such as perceived susceptibility and severity, sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge and signals for action, which directly or indirectly affect the intention. Likewise, perceived benefits and barriers have a direct influence, while perceived self-efficacy acts directly and as a mediator in the intention to undergo HIV screened among young people. Conclusions: SIT provides a clear and applicable theoretical framework for understanding the factors that affect the intention of being screened in young people.

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Teoría de Situación Específica: intención de realizar pruebas de detección del Virus de Inmuno-deficiencia Humana en jóvenes

Situation-Specific Theory: Intention to Test for Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Youth

Resumen

Abstract

Bibliografía