La experiencia de estar  hospitalizado: estar en un lugar extraño y poco familiar

Ana María Peñata Bedoya; Camilo Duque Ortiz

doi:10.58807/indexenferm20257189

Ana María Peñata Bedoya Hospital San Vicente Fundación. Medellín, Colombia https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9000-9347
Camilo Duque Ortiz Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. Facultad de Enfermería. Medellín, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3106-0471

DOI: https://doi.org/10.58807/indexenferm20257189

Palabras clave: Acontecimientos en el cambio de vida, Emociones, Unidades de hospitalización, Atención centrada en el paciente

Key-words: Life change events, Emotions, Inpatient care units, Patient-centered care

Resumen

Objetivo: Entender la manera como las personas internadas en unidades de hospitalización general experimentan sus emociones. Método: Investigación fenomenológica interpretativa. Se hicieron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 14 personas hospitalizadas en una clínica privada de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia, entre diciembre del 2022 y diciembre del 2023. El análisis se realizó por medio del Análisis Fenomenológico Interpretativo. Resultados: Las personas hospitalizadas manifiestan unas emociones que se representan por medio de cuatro temas: “Ser una experiencia difícil en un lugar extraño y poco familiar”, “Proceso llevadero, entre días cortos y días largos”, “Expectativas y estrategias ante un cambio inesperado de planes, la hospitalización” y “La buena atención como fuente de una experiencia positiva”. Conclusión: La hospitalización tiende a ser percibida como difícil, aunque, una buena atención, caracterizada por un trato amable, cortés, amoroso y empático, contribuye a que el paciente se sienta tranquilo, alegre, cómodo y satisfecho con la hospitalización.

Abstract

Objective: To understand how people admitted to general hospitalization units experience their emotions. Method: Interpretative phenomenological research. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 patients hospitalized in a private clinic in the city of Medellín, Colombia, between December 2022 and December 2023. The analysis was performed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Results: Hospitalized individuals express emotions that are represented through four themes: "Being a difficult experience in a strange and unfamiliar place", "A bearable process, between short days and long days", "Expectations and strategies in the face of an unexpected change of plans: hospitalization", and "Good care as a source of a positive experience". Conclusion: Hospitalization tends to be perceived as difficult; however, good care, characterized by kind, courteous, loving, and empathetic treatment, contributes to patients feeling calm, cheerful, comfortable, and satisfied with the hospitalization.

Bibliografía

Alzahrani N. The effect of hospitalization on patients’ emotional and psychological well-being among adult patients: An integrative review. Appl Nurs Res. 2021; 61:1-9. https://doi.org/10.10 16/j.apnr.2021.151488.

Ceballos-Acevedo TM, Velásquez-Restrepo PA, Jaén-Posada JS. Duración de la estancia hospitalaria. Metodologías para su intervención. Rev Gerenc Polit Salud. 2014; 13(27):268-89. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.apnr.2021.151488.

McColl-Kennedy JR, Danaher TS, Gallan AS, Orsingher C, Lervik-Olsen L, Verma R. How do you feel today? Managing patient emotions during health care experiences to enhance well-being. J Bus Res. 2017; 79:247-59. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.jbusres.2017.03.022.

Sleeman SHE, Reuvers MJP, Manten-Horst E, Verhees B, Patterson P, Janssen SHM, et al. ‘Let Me Know If There’s Anything I Can Do for You’, the Development of a Mobile Application for Adolescents and Young Adults (AYAs) with Cancer and Their Loved Ones to Reconnect after Diagnosis. Cancers. 2022; 14(5):1-15. https://doi.org/10. 3390/cancers14051178.

Tie B, Liu X, Yin M, Humphris G, Zhang Y, Liu H, et al. How physicians respond to negative emotions in high-risk preoperative conversations. Patient Educ Couns. 2022; 105(3):606-14.

Park J, Saha S, Han D, De Maesschalck S, Moore R, Korthuis T, et al. Emotional Communication in HIV Care: An Observational Study of Patients’ Expressed Emotions and Clinician Response. AIDS Behav. 2019; 23(10):2816-28. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10461-019-02466-z.

Barrué P, Sánchez-Gómez M. The emotional experience of nurses in the Home Hospitalization Unit in palliative care: A qualitative exploratory study. Enferm Clínica. 2021; 31(4):211-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcle.2020.11.005.

Leahy RL. Emotional Schema. Cogn Behav Pract. 2022; 29(3):575-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.cbpra.2022.02.004.

Ruiz-Rico, Mercedes; Sotomayor, Eva: Amezcua, Manuel. Enfoques teóricos y metodológicos sobre las emociones en un contexto de cooperación internacional. Index de Enfermería 2023; 32(3): e14717. https://doi.org/10.58807/indexenferm20236138.

Sun N, Wei L, Wang H, Wang X, Gao M, Hu X, et al. Qualitative study of the psychological experience of COVID-19 patients during hospitalization. J Affect Disord. 2021; 278(24):15-22. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.040.

Craparo G, La Rosa VL, Marino G, Vezzoli M, Cinà GS, Colombi M, et al. Risk of post-traumatic stress symptoms in hospitalized and non-hospitalized COVID-19 recovered patients. A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res. 2022; 308:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114353.

Montembeault M, Brando E, Charest K, Tremblay A, Roger É, Duquette P, et al. Multimodal emotion perception in young and elderly patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2022; 58:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.20 21.103478.

Smith-Spijkerboer W, Meeske K, van der Palen JAM, den Hertog HM, Smeets-Schouten AS, van Hout M, et al. Impaired visual emotion recognition after minor Ischemic Stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2021; 103(5):958-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.apmr.2021.10.024.

Duque H, Aristizábal-Díaz ET. Análisis fenomenológico interpretativo. Pensando Psicol. 7 de noviembre de 2019; 15(25):1-24. https://doi.org/ 10.16925/2382-3984.2019.01.03.

Chan EY, Samsudin SA, Lim YJ. Older patients’ perception of engagement in functional self-care during hospitalization: A qualitative study. Geriatr Nur (Lond). 2020; 41(3):297-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2019.11.009.

Bakthavatsalu B, Walshe C, Simpson J. A Systematic Review with Thematic Synthesis of the Experience of Hospitalization in People with Advanced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. COPD J Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2021; 18(5):576-84. https://doi.org/10.1080/15412555.2021.1971 186.

Bakthavatsalu B, Walshe C, Simpson J. The experience of hospitalization in people with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A qualitative, phenomenological study. Chronic Illn. 2023; 19(2):339-53. https://doi.org/10.1177/17423 953211073580.

Pérez-Moreno, Julia. «Un antes y un después en mi vida»: relato de una mujer con Linfoma no Hodgkin. Index de Enfermería 2020; 29:56-9.

Fisher KA, Smith KM, Gallagher TH, Huang JC, Borton JC, Mazor KM. We want to know: Patient comfort speaking up about breakdowns in care and patient experience. BMJ Qual Saf. 2019; 28(3):190-7. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2018-008159.

Nielsen DS, Hansen RF, Beck SH, Wensien J, Masud T, Ryg J. Older patients’ perspectives and experience of hospitalisation during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative explorative study. Int J Older People Nurs. 2021; 16(2):1-10. https://doi. org/10.1111/opn.12362.

De Oliveira JF, de Ávila RE, de Oliveira NR, da Cunha Severino Sampaio N, Botelho M, Gonçalves FA, et al. Persistent symptoms, quality of life, and risk factors in long COVID: a cross-sectional study of hospitalized patients in Brazil. Int J Infect Dis. 2022; 122:1044-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid. 2022.07.063.

Ergöl Ş, Akyüz E. Perception of Privacy: An Ethnocentric Study of Turkish Muslim Female Surgical Patients. J Perianesth Nurs. 2024; 39(2):274-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2023. 08.010.

De Jesus JB, Dias AAL, de Figueiredo RM. Specific precautions: experiences of hospitalized patients. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019; 72(4):874-9. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0888.

Everall AC, Guilcher SJT, Cadel L, Asif M, Li J, Kuluski K. Patient and caregiver experience with delayed discharge from a hospital setting: A scoping review. Health Expect. 2019; 22(5):863-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.12916.

Lu ZH, Lam FMH, Leung JCS, Kwok TCY. The Resilience and the Subsequent Hospitalization of Older People with Different Frailty Status: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2022; 23(10):1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda. 2022.07.021.

Schober TL, Abrahamsen C. Patient perspectives on major lower limb amputation – A qualitative systematic review. Int J Orthop Trauma Nurs. 2022; 46:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijotn.2022. 100958.

Dois Castellón A, Bravo Valenzuela P, Martínez Pereira A. El Buen Trato en el encuentro clínico de enfermería: características y atributos. Index de Enfermería 2022; 31(4):250-4. https://doi.org/10. 58807/indexenferm20225169.

Tubic B, Finizia C, Zainal Kamil A, Larsson P, Engström M. Patients’ experience of patient safety information and participation in care during a hospital stay. Nurs Open. 2023; 10(3):1684-92. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1423.

Ducharlet K, Weil J, Gock H, Philip J. Kidney Clinicians’ Perceptions of Challenges and Aspirations to Improve End-Of-Life Care Provision. Kidney Int Rep. 2023; 8(8):1627-37. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ekir.2023.04.031.

Li X, Yang K, An Y, Liu M, Yan C, Huang R. General self-efficacy and frailty in hospitalized older patients: The mediating effect of loneliness. Geriatr Nur (Lond). 2022; 48:315-9. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.10.019.

Yan H, Du YX, Wu FQ, Lu XY, Chen RM, Zhang Y. Effects of nurse-led multidisciplinary team management on cardiovascular hospitalization and quality of life in patients with atrial fibrillation: Randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2022; 127:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021. 104159.

Eltaybani S, Kawase K, Kato R, Inagaki A, Li CC, Shinohara M, et al. Effectiveness of home visit nursing on improving mortality, hospitalization, institutionalization, satisfaction, and quality of life among older people: Umbrella review. Geriatr Nur (Lond). 2023; 51:330-45. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.gerinurse.2023.03.018.

La experiencia de estar hospitalizado: estar en un lugar extraño y poco familiar

The experience of being hospitalized: being in a strange and unfamiliar place

Resumen

Abstract

Bibliografía