Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en sujetos con VIH

Carlos Jesús Canova Barrios

Carlos Jesús Canova Barrios Universidad de Ciencias Empresariales y Sociales (Buenos Aires, Argentina)

Palabras clave: Calidad de vida, VIH, Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida, Cumplimiento y adherencia al tratamiento

Key-words: Quality of life, HIV, ImmunodefIciency acquired syndrome, Treatment compliance and adherence

Palavras chave: Qualidade de vida, HIV, Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida, Cumprimento e adesão ao tratamento

Resumen

Introducción: Desde la identificación del VIH se ha avanzado en el desarrollo de tratamientos más seguros y eficaces que aseguren la sobrevida de los sujetos afectados, siendo el reto de los profesionales sanitarios el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de estos. Objetivo: Analizar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de una muestra de pacientes con VIH de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Método: Estudio analítico, transversal y cuantitativo realizado durante los meses de enero a marzo de 2020. Participaron un total de 144 sujetos. Se administraron los cuestionarios SF-36 y Morisky-Green. Resultados: La muestra estuvo comprendida mayoritariamente por hombres, solteros, sin hijos y con estudios universitarios. El 49,30 % presentaba una buena adherencia al tratamiento. La Función física fue la dimensión mejor evaluada (92,19), mientras que la Vitalidad fue la peor percibida (61,42). El componente mental fue el más afectado. El sexo femenino, nivel de estudios primario, edad más alta, tenencia de hijos y la presencia de complicaciones se asociaron a una peor calidad de vida. Conclusiones: Se hace importante implementar acciones tendientes a mejorar la adherencia al tratamiento de los pacientes y promover estilos de vida favorecedores de la salud. Asimismo, el abordaje de los sujetos ha de ser integral, considerando las dimensiones psíquica, emocional, social y espiritual como parte de las áreas de atención. La calidad de vida debe ser un indicador de seguimiento para los profesionales sanitarios

Abstract

Introduction: Since the HIV was identified, more efficacious and safer treatments have been developed in order to ensure survival of people with the virus. The challenge to the health professionals is to improve the quality of life in relation to these patients’ health condition. Objective: To analyze the health-related quality of life in a sample of HIV patients from Buenos Aires (Argentina). Methods: It is a quantitative, cross.-sectional, analytical study conducted from January to March 2020. In total, 144 subjects took part in this study. Questionnaires SF-36 and Morisky-Green were applied. Results: Most of the sample consisted of male subjects, single, without children and with college education. The physical function evaluation reported the best values (92.19), while vitality showed the worse evaluation (61.42). The mental component was the most affected one. Female gender, low schooling, been older, having children and health complications were associated with a worse quality of life. Conclusions: It is quite important to implement actions intended to improve the treatment adherence among the patients and to encourage styles of life that favor their health. Likewise, health professional must approach these patients in a comprehensive way, considering the psychic, emotional, social and spiritual dimensions as a part of the healthcare. The quality of life must be taken as a follow-up indicator by the health professionals

Resumo

Introdução: Desde a identificação do VIH houve avanços no desenvolvimento de tratamentos mais seguros e eficazes que garantam a sobrevivência dos sujeitos acometidos, sendo o desafio para os profissionais sanitários o melhoramento da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde destes. Objetivo: Analisar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de uma amostra de pacientes com HIV de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Método: Estudo analítico, transversal e quantitativo realizado durante os meses de janeiro a março de 2020. Participara um total de 144 sujeitos. Foram aplicados os questionários SF-36 e Morisky-Green. Resultados: a amostra foi composta principalmente por homens, solteiros, sem filhos e com estudos universitários. 49,30% tiveram boa adesão ao tratamento. A Função física foi a dimensão melhor avaliada (92,19), enquanto Vitalidade foi a pior percebida (61,42). O componente mental foi o mais afeitado. O sexo feminino, nível de escolaridade fundamental, idade mais avançada, tenência de filhos e presença de complicações foram associadas à pior qualidade de vida. Conclusões: É importante implementar ações que visem melhorar a adesão ao tratamento dos pacientes e promover estilos de vida saudáveis. Da mesma forma, a abordagem dos sujeitos deve ser integral, considerando as dimensões psíquica, emocional, social e espiritual como parte das áreas de atenção. A qualidade de vida deve ser um indicador de monitoramento para os profissionais sanitários

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Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en sujetos con VIH

Health-Related quality of life in people with HIV

Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em sujeitos com HIV

Resumen

Abstract

Resumo

Bibliografía