Cumplimiento de una estrategia de higiene de las manos en ambientes asistenciales

Mercedes Salcedo-Cifuentes; Cecilia Andrea Ordóñez-Hernández; Andrea Patricia Calvo-Soto

Mercedes Salcedo-Cifuentes Universidad del Valle (Colombia)
Cecilia Andrea Ordóñez-Hernández Universidad Libre (Colombia)
Andrea Patricia Calvo-Soto Universidad Santiago de Cali (Colombia)

Palabras clave: desinfección de las manos, servicios preventivos de salud, higiene de las manos, prevención de enfermedades

Key-words: hand disinfection, preventive health services, hand hygiene, disease prevention

Palavras chave: desinfeção de mãos, serviços preventivos de saúde, higiene de mãos, prevenção de doença

Resumen

Introducción: Si bien la higiene de las manos es la medida más importante en la mitigación del riesgo biológico en ambientes hospitalarios, evidencia científica muestra un escaso cumplimiento de las recomendaciones entre los trabajadores asistenciales. Objetivo: Evaluar el cumplimiento de cinco dimensiones que fortalecen la estrategia de higiene de las manos para la prevención del riesgo biológico en ambientes asistenciales. Método: Estudio observacional, de corte transversal, en cinco instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva. Con el Test de Medianas se evaluó si había diferencias significativas entre el grupo de profesionales por institución de salud, considerando significante una .p ≤ 0,05. El análisis finalizó con un análisis discriminante. Resultados: La representatividad estuvo en las instituciones hospitalarias de primer nivel en las cuales el personal de enfermería, seguido por los médicos, tuvo un mejor cumplimiento del protocolo de lavado de manos. Este porcentaje se vio impactado por el menor cumplimiento de suministro de insumos e infraestructura. Hay una perfecta diferenciación entre los resultados del municipio de Cali con relación al de Caicedonia, en contraste con los de Popayán, Buga y Buenaventura. Conclusión: Se encontró un incumplimiento del protocolo de higiene de las manos, con una calificación inaceptable para los factores de insumos/infraestructura y técnica de higiene de las manos, respectivamente

Abstract

Introduction: Although hand hygiene is the most important measure for biological risk mitigation in hospital settings, there is scientific evidence of low compliance among healthcare workers with the established recommendations. Objective: To assess compliance with five dimensions that strengthen the hand hygiene strategy for biological risk prevention in healthcare settings. Method: Observational, cross-sectional study in five institutions providing healthcare services with the application of descriptive statistics. The Median Test evaluated whether there were significant differences among groups of professionals per health institution, considering a p ≤ 0.05 to be significant. The analysis was completed with a discriminant analysis. Results: First-level hospital institutions showed representative results where the nursing staff, followed by physicians, had a better compliance with the handwashing protocol. This percentage was impacted by the lower compliance with the provisioning of supplies and infrastructure. There is a perfect differentiation between the results of the municipality of Cali compared those of Caicedonia, and in contrast with the results of Popayán, Buga, and Buenaventura. Conclusion: Compliance with the hand hygiene protocol was seen, with an assessment rated as unacceptable for the factors related to supplies and infrastructure and hand hygiene technique

Resumo

Introdução: Embora a higiene das mãos seja a medida mais importante na mitigação do risco biológico em ambientes hospitalares, tem evidência científica que mostra baixo cumprimento das recomendações entre trabalhadores assistenciais. Objetivo: Avaliar o cumprimento de cinco dimensões que fortalecem a estratégia de higiene das mãos para a prevenção do risco biológico em ambientes assistenciais. Método: Estudo observacional, de corte transversal, em cinco instituições prestadoras de serviços de saúde. Foi aplicada estatística descritiva. Com o Teste da Mediana avaliou-se se havia diferenças significativas entre o grupo de profissionais por instituição de saúde, considerando significante uma p ≤ 0,05. Finalizou-se com análise discriminante. Resultados: A representatividade ocorreu nas instituições hospitalares de primeiro nível onde a equipe de enfermagem, seguido pelos médicos, apresentou melhor cumprimento do protocolo de lavagem de mãos. Esse porcentual foi impactado pelo menor cumprimento do fornecimento de suprimentos e infraestrutura. Há uma perfeita diferenciação entre os resultados do município de Cali em relação aos de Caicedonia, em contraste com os de Popayán, Buga e Buenaventura. Conclusão: Encontrou-se não inobservância do protocolo de higiene das mãos, com qualificação inaceitável para os fatores de suprimentos/infraestrutura e técnica de higiene das mãos

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Cumplimiento de una estrategia de higiene de las manos en ambientes asistenciales

Compliance with a hand hygiene strategy in healthcare settings

Observância da estratégia de higiene das mãos em ambientes assistenciais

Resumen

Abstract

Resumo

Bibliografía