Detección de la ansiedad tras un infarto agudo de miocardio: relevancia clínica y abordaje terapéutico. Revisión bibliográfica

Iveth P. Ayala Cristancho

Iveth P. Ayala Cristancho Unidad de Nefrología y de la unidad de investigación de Cardiología. Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria (Málaga, España)

Palabras clave: Ansiedad, Detección, Infarto agudo de miocardio, Intervención psicológica, Rehabilitación cardíaca, Tratamiento

Key-words: Anxiety, Detection, Acute myocardial infarction, Psychological intervention, Cardiac rehabilitation, Treatment

Resumen

Introducción: la ansiedad tras un infarto agudo de miocardio tiene una alta prevalencia y se asocia con peor pronóstico, menor calidad de vida y un mayor riesgo de complicaciones cardiovasculares. El objetivo de esta revisión es destacar la importancia de su detección y abordaje multidisciplinar en la práctica clínica, como aspecto fundamental para mejorar la calidad de vida y reducir el riesgo de complicaciones cardiovasculares graves. Metodología: revisión sistemática de estudios publicados en los últimos cinco años, que abordan la prevalencia, detección y tratamiento de la ansiedad “post-infarto”. Se consultaron bases de datos como Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science y Psycinfo. Los artículos seleccionados fueron publicaciones en inglés y español, estudios originales, revisiones sistemáticas, meta-análisis y guías clínicas. Resultados: la prevalencia de ansiedad tras este evento cardíaco oscila entre un 12-44%, siendo más frecuente en mujeres, entre 45–60 años, en pacientes con antecedentes psiquiátricos y con comorbilidades cardiovasculares. Para su detección se usa la “Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria” y la “Escala de Ansiedad de Hamilton”. Dentro del tratamiento están los inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina, la terapia cognitivo-conductual y la rehabilitación cardíaca con intervención psicológica. Conclusiones: la detección y tratamiento de la ansiedad “post- infarto” es crucial para optimizar el pronóstico cardiovascular de los pacientes y ayudar a su recuperación global, por lo que debe ser valorada de forma rutinaria en la atención multidisciplinaria de estos pacientes

Abstract

Introduction: anxiety after an acute myocardial infarction has a high prevalence and is associated with a worse prognosis, lower quality of life, and an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. The objective of this review is to highlight the importance of its detection and multidisciplinary approach in clinical practice, as a fundamental aspect for improving quality of life and reducing the risk of serious cardiovascular complications. Methodology: a systematic review of studies published in the last five years addressing the prevalence, detection, and treatment of post-infarction anxiety was conducted. Databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and PsycINFO were consulted. The selected articles were publications in English and Spanish, original studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical guidelines. Results: the prevalence of anxiety after this cardiac event ranges from 12% to 44%, and is more common in women, those aged 45–60 years, and patients with a history of psychiatric illness and cardiovascular comorbidities. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale are used for its detection. Treatment options include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and cardiac rehabilitation with psychological intervention. Conclusions: the detection and treatment of post-infarction anxiety is crucial to optimize patients' cardiovascular prognosis and aid their overall recovery. Therefore, it should be routinely assessed in the multidisciplinary care of these patients

Bibliografía

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Detección de la ansiedad tras un infarto agudo de miocardio: relevancia clínica y abordaje terapéutico. Revisión bibliográfica

Detection of anxiety after an acute myocardial infarction: clinical relevance and therapeutic approach. Literature review

Resumen

Abstract

Bibliografía