El neurodesarrollo del prematuro. ¿Qué ocurre tras el alta de la unidad de cuidados intensivos?

Elena Martínez de la Hidalga Rodríguez; Andrea Carrillo Mezquita

Elena Martínez de la Hidalga Rodríguez Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada (Fuenlabrada, Madrid, España)
Andrea Carrillo Mezquita Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada (Fuenlabrada, Madrid, España)

Palabras clave: Atención temprana, Cuidados posteriores, Neurodesarrollo, Recién nacido prematuro

Key-words: Aftercare, Early intervention, Neurodevelopmental, Premature

Resumen

Fundamentos: La prematuridad continúa siendo la primera causa de morbimortalidad neonatal e infantil. Uno de los problemas más comunes de los recién nacidos prematuros (RNPT) después del alta del hospital es el retraso en el desarrollo y los problemas de habilidades motoras. Por ello, nuestro objetivo es describir las posibles estrategias centradas en el neurodesarrollo del prematuro una vez es dado de alta de la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN). Métodos: Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica realizada sobre las publicaciones existentes de 2015 a 2020 en las bases de datos Pubmed, Scielo, Brain, Chrochane, Cuiden y Cinhal. Las palabras claves se combinaron con los operadores booleanos “AND”, “OR”, y “NOT”. Se seleccionaron un total de 29 estudios. Resultados: En varios países se han llevado a cabo sistemas inteligentes para estimular el desarrollo del prematuro dirigido por los padres (CareToy) en el domicilio. Por otro lado, se han implementado las clínicas de seguimiento del neurodesarrollo, dirigidas por equipos multidisciplinares. Conclusiones: Existen diferentes métodos e instrumentos para continuar con un correcto neurodesarrollo del prematuro en casa. Las diferentes opciones existentes son útiles para reducir la incidencia de complicaciones en este desarrollo, bien sea en casa o en una clínica de seguimiento

Abstract

Background: Prematurity remains as the leading cause of neonatal and infant morbidity and mortality. One of the most common problems of preterm newborns (PTNB) after hospital discharge is both a developmental delay and motor skill problems. Therefore, our aim is to describe possible strategies focusing on neurodevelopment of the preterm infant after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: This is a literature review of existing publications from 2015 to 2020 in Pubmed, Scielo, Brain, Chrochane, Cuiden and Cinhal databases. Keywords were combined with the Boolean operators "AND", "OR", and "NOT". Overall, 29 studies were selected. Results: Intelligent systems for parent-directed stimulation of preterm development (CareToy) at home have been implemented in several countries. On the other hand, neurodevelopmental follow-up clinics, led by multidisciplinary teams, have been implemented. Conclusions: There are different methods and instruments to continue proper neuro- development of the preterm infant at home. The different options are useful to reduce the incidence of complications in this development, either at home or at a follow-up clinic

Bibliografía

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El neurodesarrollo del prematuro. ¿Qué ocurre tras el alta de la unidad de cuidados intensivos?

The neurodevelopment of premature infants: what happens after discharge from the intensive care unit?

Resumen

Abstract

Bibliografía