Intervenciones de competencia cultural en atención primaria para personas mayores: una revisión integrativa

Beatriz Carrasco Díaz; Nicole Pinilla Carrasco; Paola Carrasco Aldunate

Beatriz Carrasco Díaz Universidad Arturo Prat, Chile
Nicole Pinilla Carrasco Universidad San Sebastián, Chile. Doctorado en Ciencia de Enfermería, Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile
Paola Carrasco Aldunate Universidad San Sebastián, Chile. Doctorado en Ciencia de Enfermería, Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile

Palabras clave: Competencia cultural, Atención primaria de salud, Personas mayores

Key-words: Cultural competence, Primary health care, Older people

Palavras chave: Competência cultural;, Atenção primária à saúde, Pessoas maiores

Resumen

Introducción: El edadismo, una barrera en el cuidado de personas, se manifiesta en una visión estereotipada y negativa de la vejez. Las intervenciones en atención primaria de salud pueden promover la salud más allá de enfoques centrados en la enfermedad y discapacidad. Objetivo: Analizar las características de las intervenciones con enfoque de competencia cultural para personas mayores en atención primaria de salud. Metodología: Revisión integrativa de estudios publicados entre 2018 y 2023 en Web of Science, PubMed y Scopus, relacionados con competencia cultural, Atención Primaria y envejecimiento. Los hallazgos se analizaron temáticamente según el Modelo de Competencia Cultural de Sue y Sue. Resultados: Se analizaron 11 estudios sobre intervenciones culturalmente congruentes, destacando la importancia de abordar la edad en intersección con grupos socioculturales específicos. Se enfatizó la sensibilidad, el conocimiento y las habilidades culturales en las intervenciones, principalmente mediante la reflexión y la comunicación. Conclusiones: Las intervenciones con enfoque de competencia cultural en atención primaria pueden mejorar la atención a personas mayores y reducir el edadismo. Se sugiere un enfoque de interseccionalidad para abordar las diversas dimensiones de la discriminación por edad. La participación comunitaria y una evaluación adecuada son fundamentales para una implementación exitosa

Abstract

ntroduction: Ageism, a barrier to care, manifests in a stereotypical and negative view of aging. Primary health care interventions can promote health beyond disease- and disability-focused approaches. Objective: To analyze the characteristics of cultural competence interventions for older adults in primary health care. Methods: Integrative review of studies published in Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus between 2018 and 2023 related to cultural competence, primary care, and aging. Findings were thematically analyzed according to Sue and Sue's cultural competence model. Results: Eleven studies of culturally congruent interventions were analyzed, highlighting the importance of addressing age in the context of specific sociocultural groups. Sensitivity, knowledge, and cultural competence were emphasized in the interventions, mainly through reflection and communication. Conclusions: Cultural competence interventions in primary care can improve care for older people and reduce ageism. An intersectional approach is suggested to address the multiple dimensions of ageism. Community involvement and appropriate evaluation are essential for successful implementation

Resumo

Introdução: O etarismo, uma barreira para o cuidado, se manifesta em uma visão estereotipada e negativa do envelhecimento. Intervenções na atenção primária à saúde podem promover a saúde além de abordagens focadas em doenças e deficiências. Objetivo: Analisar as características das intervenções com enfoque em competência cultural para pessoas maiores na atenção primária à saúde. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa de estudos publicados em Web of Science, PubMed e Scopus entre 2018 e 2023, relacionados a competência cultural, atenção primária e envelhecimento. Os achados foram analisados tematicamente de acordo com o Modelo de Competência Cultural de Sue e Sue. Resultados: Foram analisados 11 estudos sobre intervenções culturalmente congruentes, destacando a importância de abordar a idade em interseção com grupos socioculturais específicos. A sensibilidade, o conhecimento e as habilidades culturais foram enfatizados nas intervenções, principalmente por meio de reflexão e comunicação. Conclusões: Intervenções com enfoque em competência cultural na atenção primária podem melhorar o cuidado para pessoas maiores e reduzir o etarismo. Sugere-se um enfoque interseccional para abordar as diversas dimensões da discriminação por idade. A participação comunitária e uma avaliação adequada são fundamentais para uma implementação bem-sucedida

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Intervenciones de competencia cultural en atención primaria para personas mayores: una revisión integrativa

Cultural Competence Interventions in Primary Care for Older Adults: An Integrative Review

Intervenções de Competência Cultural na Atenção Primária para Idosos: Uma Revisão Integrativa

Resumen

Abstract

Resumo

Bibliografía