La musicoterapia como herramienta para mitigar el dolor del niño en procesos agudos

Maria Alejos Sahuquillo; Maria Dolores Fuset Muñoz

Maria Alejos Sahuquillo Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia (Valencia, España)
Maria Dolores Fuset Muñoz Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia (Valencia, España)

Palabras clave: Enfermera, Pediatría, Niño, Dolor agudo, Musicoterapia

Key-words: Nurse, Pediatrics, Children, Pain, Music therapy

Resumen

Objetivo: Explorar el efecto de la musicoterapia respecto al dolor en pacientes pediátricos durante procesos agudos. Material y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica entre enero y mayo de 2018 en las bases de datos PubMed, LILACS, CUIDEN y BVS usando los descriptores DeCS (pediatría, niños, dolor agudo, terapia musical, musicoterapia) y MeSH (pediatrics, children, pain, music therapy). Además, se realizó una búsqueda inversa de artículos potencialmente interesantes y se consultaron artículos pertenecientes a las revistas Elsevier y SciELo mediante texto libre. Se obtuvieron 31 estudios. Resultados-discusión: Un estudio realizado en pacientes menores de 18 meses determinó que a pesar de mejorar en tres aspectos de la Modified Behavior Pain Scale, no se obtuvo mejoría significativa. En los estudios realizados en niños con edades comprendidas entre los 2 y los 6 años con música infantil y clásica mayoritariamente, sí se reflejaron resultados significativamente positivos. En los estudios de pacientes entre 6 y 14 años predominó la elección de la música por parte del paciente. Excepto en un estudio, en el resto se evidenciaron resultados significativamente positivos en la reducción del dolor a través de la musicoterapia. Por último, en dos estudios realizados sobre población adolescente sometida a procesos de inmunización y test de alergia, se evidenció que la intervención sin auriculares resultaba más efectiva. Conclusiones: Los estudios reflejan mayoritariamente resultados positivos en la reducción del dolor al recibir intervenciones con musicoterapia. Sin embargo, no se han encontrado directrices categóricas respecto a la aplicación de musicoterapia en niños debido a que los estudios son heterogéneos en cuanto a edades, procedimientos e intervenciones

Abstract

Aim: To explore the effects that music therapy has on pain in pediatric patients during acute processes. Material and methods: a bibliographic research was carried out between January and May 2018 in PubMed, LILACS, CUIDEN and BVS databases using DeCS (pediatría, niños, dolor agudo, terapia musical, musicoterapia) and MeSH (pediatrics, children, pain, music therapy) descriptors. Furthermore, a reverse research of potentially interesting articles was accomplished and articles belonging to Elsevier and SciELo were consulted by free text . There were obtained 31 studies. Results and discussion: a study conducted in patients under 18 months determined that, despite of the improvement in three aspects of Modified Pain Scale, non significant progress was obtained. In studies conducted with kids between 2 and 6 years old using children and classical music mostly, significant positive results were reflected. In studies of patients between 6 and 14 years, predominates patient choice. Except in one study, positive results were shown regarding to the reduction of pain through music therapy. Finally, in two studies performed with adolescents/youth while receiving inmunization processes and allergy testing, it was shown that interventions without headphones were more effective. Conclusions: Most of the studies reflect positive results in pain’s reduction when patients receive interventions with music therapy. However, no categorical guidelines have been found regarding to the application of music therapy in children. This is explained because studies are heterogeneous in terms of age, procedures and interventions

Bibliografía

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La musicoterapia como herramienta para mitigar el dolor del niño en procesos agudos

Music therapy as a tool for reducing pediatric pain in acute processes

Resumen

Abstract

Bibliografía