Conocimientos, creencias y actitudes de los estudiantes universitarios hacia la donación de órganos: Un estudio cualitativo

Elena Fernández Mayo; Elena Andina Díaz

Elena Fernández Mayo Universidad de León (León, España)
Elena Andina Díaz Universidad de León (León, España)

Palabras clave: Investigación cualitativa, Donación de órganos, Creencias, Actitudes, Estudiantes universitarios

Key-words: Qualitative research, Organ donation, Beliefs, Attitudes, University students

Palavras chave: Pesquisa qualitativa, Doação de órgãos, Crenças, Atitudes, Universitários

Resumen

Tanto los trasplantes como los alotrasplantes compuestos vascularizados, al depender de donaciones, obedecen a factores psicosociales que conociéndolos permiten tomar actitudes educacionales acordes. Objetivo: explorar los conocimientos, creencias y actitudes de estudiantes de enfermería e informática respecto a la donación y trasplante de órganos y alotrasplantes compuestos vascularizados. Material y métodos: estudio exploratorio desde una aproximación cualitativa. Entrevistas semiestructuradas a 10 estudiantes de enfermería e informática. Resultados: tres categorías: conocimientos, mostrando desinformación; creencias como que no hay nada después de morir, que la donación es altruista y que sus profesiones ayudan a concienciar; y actitudes como que suelen hablar de la muerte de forma abierta, pero no de donación. Discusión: los universitarios están concienciados, pero no están bien informados, encontrando evidencias como que la religión o donar sangre o médula no influyen para ser donante de órganos y conocer receptores o alguien con alguna desfiguración y hablar de la muerte sí influye. Conclusiones: existen creencias que favorecen la donación de órganos y tejido compuesto vascularizado en los universitarios, pero también una desinformación importante y una falta de diálogo sobre hacerse donante que perjudica dicha donación y la función educadora en este aspecto a nivel profesional

Abstract

Both vascularized composite transplants and allogeneic transplants, as they depend on donations, are due to psychosocial factors that, knowing them, allow us to take appropriate educational attitudes. Objective: to explore the knowledge, beliefs and attitudes of nursing and computer science students regarding the donation and transplantation of organs and vascularized compound allogeneic transplants. Material and methods: exploratory research with qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews with 10 nursing and computer science students. Results: three categories: knowledge, showing disinformation; beliefs such as that there is nothing after death, that donation is altruistic and that their professions help raise awareness; and attitudes such as that they tend to talk about death openly, but not about donation. Discussion: university students are aware, but they are not well informed, finding evidence such as that religion or donating blood or marrow does not influence to be an organ donor and knowing recipients or someone with some disfigurement and talking about death does influence. Conclusions: there are beliefs that favor the donation of organs and vascularized composite tissue in university students, but also a significant misinformation and a lack of dialogue about becoming a donor that damages said donation and the educational role in this regard at a professional level

Resumo

Tanto os transplantes como os alotransplantes compostos vascularizados, por dependerem de doações, devem-se a fatores psicossociais que, conhecendo-os, nos permitem tomar atitudes educativas adequadas. Objetivo: explorar os conhecimentos, crenças e atitudes dos estudantes de enfermagem e computação em relação à doação e transplante de órgãos e aos alotransplantes compostos vascularizados. Material e métodos: Estudo exploratório a partir de uma exploração qualitativa. Entrevistas semiestruturadas com 10 estudantes de enfermagem e informática. Resultados: três categorias: conhecimento, mostrando desinformação; crenças como que não há nada depois da morte, que a doação é altruísta e que suas profissões ajudam a aumentar a consciência; e atitudes tais como falar sobre a morte abertamente, mas não sobre doação. Discussão: os universitários estão cientes, mas não estão bem informados, encontrando evidências como a religião ou a doação de sangue ou medula óssea não influenciam ser um doador de órgãos, mas conhecer os destinatários ou alguém com uma desfiguração e falar sobre a morte, sim. Conclusões: existem crenças que favorecem a doação de órgãos e tecidos compostos vascularizados em universitários, porém há também uma desinformação significativa e uma falta de diálogo sobre como tornar-se doador, o que é prejudicial para esta doação e à educação sobre este assunto como futuros profissionais

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Conocimientos, creencias y actitudes de los estudiantes universitarios hacia la donación de órganos: Un estudio cualitativo

Knowledge, beliefs and attitudes of university students towards the organ donation: A qualitative study

Conhecimento, crenças e atitudes de estudantes universitários em relação à doação de órgãos: Um estudo qualitativo

Resumen

Abstract

Resumo

Bibliografía