Uso de sulfato de magnesio relacionado con la reanimación neonatal en prematuros

Paola Pino-Cortés; Daniela Muena-Canales; Pablo Gálvez-Ortega

Paola Pino-Cortés Hospital San Juan de Dios (Santiago, Chile)
Daniela Muena-Canales Hospital Clínico San Borja Arriarán (Santiago, Chile)
Pablo Gálvez-Ortega Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Chile (Santiago, Chile)

Palabras clave: Neuroprotección, Parálisis cerebral, Recién nacido prematuro, Sulfato de magnesio, Reanimación neonatal, Chile

Key-words: Neuroprotection, Cerebral palsy, Infant, premature, Magnesium sulfate, Neonatal reanimation, Chile

Palavras chave: Neuroproteção, Paralisia cerebral, Recém-nascido prematuro, Sulfato de magnésio, Reanimación neonatal, Chile

Resumen

Introducción: La neuroprotección farmacológica se utiliza en el período antenatal para ayudar a disminuir el riesgo de parálisis cerebral o disfunciones motoras en el recién nacido (RN). El sulfato de magnesio (MgSO4) es de gran utilidad por los beneficios que proporciona como tocolítico, neuroprotector fetal en prematuros menores a 32 semanas y en el manejo de la preeclampsia. Sin embargo, durante su uso se observaron efectos adversos a dosis dependientes tanto para la madre como para el RN, lo que genera gran importancia para el trabajo del profesional de obstetricia y enfermería. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de reanimación neonatal en prematuros menores de 32 semanas según el uso de neuroprotección con MgSO4. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, realizado en un hospital de Santiago de Chile. Se realizó un muestreo aleatorio simple. Se incluyeron prematuros menores a 32 semanas de edad gestacional con o sin tratamiento de MgSO4 que hayan requerido o no reanimación neonatal. La información fue recogida a partir de fichas clínicas con un instrumento propio. Análisis de los datos por determinación de frecuencias absolutas y relativas de las variables y su comparación directa. Resultados: Del total de los RN que recibieron MgSO4, 61.7 % requirió reanimación neonatal al nacer, de los que no recibieron este neuroprotector, el 52.8 % necesitó reanimación neonatal. Conclusiones: La mayor frecuencia de reanimación neonatal está asociada al uso de la neuroprotección con MgSO4 y ocurre más probablemente en recién nacidos de edad gestacional menor que 32 semanas. Los resultados contribuyen a la toma de decisiones basadas en pruebas

Abstract

Introduction: Diverse drug-related neuroprotections are used during the prenatal period to help reduce the risk of cerebral palsy or motor dysfunctions in the newborn. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is useful as a fetal neuroprotector in prematures with less than 32 weeks, as well as in the management of preeclampsia. Nevertheless, some dose-dependent adverse effects both on the mother and the newborn have been reported. This situation is necessarily of concern to the nursing and obstetrics professional. Objective: To determine the frequency of neonatal reanimation en prematures with less than 32 weeks with MgSO4 neuroprotection. Methods: This is a retrospective and observational study conducted in a hospital in Santiago, Chile. Simple random sampling was used. Prematures with less than 32 weeks of gestational age, with or without MgSO4 treatment and who had or had not required neonatal reanimation, were included in the study. Data were collected from clinical records. Absolute and relative frequencies and their direct comparisons were calculated. Results: From the total of newborns who received MgSO4, 61.7% required neonatal reanimation, while from those who did not receive MgSO4, 52.8% required neonatal reanimation. Conclusions: The higher frequency of neonatal reanimation is associated with the received MgSO4 as a neuroprotection with and occurs more likely in neonates with a gestational age less than 32 weeks. The results contribute to evidence-based decision making

Resumo

Introdução: A neuroproteção farmacológica é utilizada no período pré-natal para ajudar a reduzir o risco de paralisia cerebral ou disfunções motoras no recém-nascido (RN). O sulfato de magnésio (MgSO4) é muito útil devido aos benefícios que proporciona como tocolítico, neuroprotetor fetal em prematuros com menos de 32 semanas e no tratamento da pré-eclâmpsia. Porém, durante seu uso, foram registrados efeitos adversos em doses dependentes tanto para a mãe quanto para o recém-nascido, o que gera grande importância para o trabalho do profissional obstétrico e de enfermagem. Objetivo: Determinar a frequência de reanimação neonatal em prematuros com menos de 32 semanas de acordo com o uso de neuroproteção com MgSO4. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo e observacional realizado em um hospital de Santiago de Chile. Foi realizada uma amostragem aleatória simples. Foram incluídos bebês prematuros com menos de 32 semanas de idade gestacional com ou sem tratamento com MgSO4 que exigia ou não a reanimação neonatal. Coletou-se informação de prontuários clínicos com um instrumento proprietário. Análise dos dados através da determinação das frequências absolutas e relativas das variáveis e sua comparação direta. Resultados: Do total dos RN que receberam MgSO4, 61,7% necessitaram de reanimação neonatal ao nascimento, dos que não receberam esse neuroprotetor, 52,8% necessitaram de reanimação neonatal. Conclusões: A frequência de reanimação neonatal foi maior em recém-nascidos com menos de 32 semanas de idade gestacional que receberam neuroproteção com MgSO4, situação semelhante em cada estrato de idade gestacional

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Uso de sulfato de magnesio relacionado con la reanimación neonatal en prematuros

Use of magnesium sulfate in the neonatal reanimation of prematures

Uso de sulfato de magnésio relacionado à ressuscitação neonatal em prematuros

Resumen

Abstract

Resumo

Bibliografía