Factores emocionales asociados al automanejo en personas con diagnóstico de cáncer

Tranquilina Gutiérrez Gómez; Isabel Peñarrieta-de Cordova; David de Jesús Malibrán Luque; Ma. del Socorro Piñones Martínez; Melitta Cosme Mendoza; Nancy Gaspar Meza-de Nalvarte

Tranquilina Gutiérrez Gómez Facultad de Enfermería. Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas (Tampico, Tamaulipas, México)
Isabel Peñarrieta-de Cordova Facultad de Enfermería. Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas (Tampico, Tamaulipas, México)
David de Jesús Malibrán Luque Facultad de Medicina Dr. Alberto Romo Caballero. Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas (Tampico, Tamaulipas, México)
Ma. del Socorro Piñones Martínez Facultad de Enfermería. Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas (Tampico, Tamaulipas, México)
Melitta Cosme Mendoza Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (Lima, Perú)
Nancy Gaspar Meza-de Nalvarte Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (Lima, Perú)

Palabras clave: Autocuidado, Automanejo, Cáncer, Factores emocionales, Perú

Key-words: Self-care, Self-management, Cancer, Emotional factors, Peru

Palavras chave: Autocuidado, Autogestão, Câncer, Fatores emocionais, Peru

Resumen

Introducción: Las personas con diagnóstico de cáncer y que reciben tratamiento manifiestan factores estresantes, físicos, emocionales y sociales, que inciden en la salud mental del paciente, por lo tanto, se reconoce la importancia de las prácticas de automanejo para aliviar la carga de estos factores. Objetivo: Identificar factores emocionales que puedan ser útiles para predecir la práctica de automanejo. Método: Diseño transversal, predictivo, muestreo no probabilístico intencional conformado por 160 personas con diagnóstico de cáncer. Se emplearon los instrumentos: Partners in Health (PIH), Self-rated Health, Escala de depresión del Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente (PHQ-8P), Escala Visual Análoga para valorar el estrés e insomnio. Se aplicó el modelo de regresión lineal múltiple; se calculó el efecto de la diferencia y la potencia estadística utilizando el método de escalonado. Resultados: Se identificaron dos variables predictoras con significancia estadística (p<.05): problemas para dormir β=-1.310 y trastorno depresivo β=-.440, con una varianza del 10%, prueba de Durbin-Watson 1,658, tamaño del efecto 0.15 y una potencia de 0.95. Discusión y Conclusiones: Las personas con cáncer presentan una práctica de automanejo deficiente. Se identificaron factores emocionales que interfieren en este comportamiento: estrés, trastorno depresivo, y problemas para dormir; los dos últimos factores pueden influir en el automanejo. Se sugiere seguir investigando y profundizar el estudio con el fin de identificar otras barreras asociadas al automanejo, sus diferenciaciones según perfiles sociodemográficos y estadio de la enfermedad

Abstract

Introduction: Persons diagnosed with cancer and who are under treatment suffer from physical, emotional, and social stress which in turn has an impact on their mental health. Therefore, it is important to explore the self-management practices aimed at relieving the burden of the related stress associated factors. Method: This is a transversal and predictive study with intentional and non probabilistic sampling on 160 persons diagnosed with cancer. The Partners in Health (PIH), Self-rated Health, Depresion of the PHQ-8, as well as the Analogous Visual Scales were used. A multiple linear regression model, the effect of the difference, and the statistical power using the stepwise method were all calculated. Results: Two statistically significant predicting variables (p<.05) were identified: sleep problems β=-1.310 and depressive disorder β=-.440, with a variance of 10%, Durbin-Watson test of 1,658, effect size of 0.15, and a power of 0.95. Discussion and conclusion: Persons with cancer usually demonstrate deficient self-management practices. Emotional factors which drive these behaviors were identified: stress, depressive disorder, and sleep problems. It is suggested to conduct further research in order to identify other social and demographic barriers related to the self-management of cancer

Resumo

Introdução: As pessoas diagnosticadas com câncer e que recebem tratamento manifestam estresse físico, emocional e social, que afetam a saúde mental do paciente, portanto, é reconhecida a importância das práticas de autogestão para aliviar o peso destes fatores. Objetivo: Identificar fatores emocionais que possam ser úteis para prever a prática de autogestão. Método: Amostra transversal, preditivo, não probabilístico intencional composta por 160 personas com diagnóstico de câncer. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Partners in Health (PIH), Self-rated Health, Escala de depressão do Questionário de Saúde do Paciente (PHQ-8), Escala Visual Analógica para avaliar o estresse e insônia. O modelo de regressão linear múltipla foi aplicado; calculou-se o efeito da diferença e o poder estatístico usando o método por etapas. Resultados: Duas variáveis preditivas com significância estatística (p<.05) foram identificadas: problemas de sono β=-1.310 e transtorno depressivo β=-.440, com una variância de 10%, teste de Durbin-Watson 1,658, tamanho de efeito 0.15 e uma potência de 0.95. Discussão e Conclusões: As pessoas com câncer apresentam uma prática de autogestão deficiente. Foram identificados fatores emocionais que interferem neste comportamento: estresse, transtorno depressivo, e problemas de sono; os dois últimos fatores que podem influenciar a autogestão. Sugere-se continuar pesquisando e aprofundar o estudo a fim de identificar outras barreiras associadas à autogestão, suas diferenciações segundo os perfis sociodemográficos e o estádio da doença

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Factores emocionales asociados al automanejo en personas con diagnóstico de cáncer

Emotional factors associated to self-management in persons diagnosed with cancer

Fatores emocionais associados à autogestão em pessoas com diagnóstico de câncer

Resumen

Abstract

Resumo

Bibliografía