Diferencias del automanejo en personas con enfermedades crónicas en población peruana

D.J. Malibrán-Luque; M.S. Piñones-Martínez; T. Gutiérrez-Gómez; R.P. Rivero-Álvarez; M.G. Lévano-Cárdenas; G.J. Vejarano-Campos

D.J. Malibrán-Luque Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Facultad de Medicina Dr. Alberto Romo Caballero, Tampico, Tamaulipas, México https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-1528
M.S. Piñones-Martínez Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Facultad de Enfermería, Tampico, Tamaulipas, México https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1013-7700
T. Gutiérrez-Gómez Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Facultad de Enfermería, Tampico, Tamaulipas, México https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5522-4237
R.P. Rivero-Álvarez Universidad César Vallejo, Escuela de Enfermería, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9804-7047
M.G. Lévano-Cárdenas Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Área de Investigación del Departamento de Enfermería, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1451-0365
G.J. Vejarano-Campos Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Área de Investigación del Departamento de Enfermería, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5084-3872

Palabras clave: Autocuidado, Automanejo, Cáncer, Diabetes mellitus, Hipertensión, Perú

Key-words: Self-care, Self-management, Cancer, Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, Peru

Resumen

Introducción: El automanejo en personas con alguna condición crónica no es una opción, realizarlo adecuadamente marca la diferencia en la calidad de vida de las personas con una enfermedad crónica, como son cáncer, diabetes e hipertensión arterial. Existe aún muy poco conocimiento sobre similitudes o diferencias del automanejo entre estos tres grupos de individuos. Objetivo: Describir el automanejo a través del análisis de las diferentes dimensiones en tres grupos de personas con diabetes, hipertensión y cáncer. Método: Estudio transversal-comparativo con n= 562 personas: 160 con cáncer, 187 con diabetes y 215 con hipertensión. Muestreo no probabilístico intencional. Se aplicó el instrumento Partners in Health (PIH). Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva y no paramétrica a través de la prueba de Kruskall Wallis para comparar tres muestras independientes, se calculó el efecto de la diferencia y la potencia estadística. Resultados: El índice general de automanejo y sus dimensiones en los tres grupos están por debajo de la media general respectivamente. No se encontraron diferencias entre los grupos según su diagnóstico médico (diabetes, hipertensión y cáncer). ρ<0.001; (1-β>.80 y d> .20).Discusión y Conclusiones: Las personas con alguna condición crónica presentan un automanejo inadecuado, no se identifican diferencias en el automanejo global y sus dimensiones según diagnóstico médico. En consecuencia, se hace relevante la implementación de programas genéricos que promueven el automanejo, sobre todo en el primer nivel de atención, además se debe incrementar las investigaciones en Latinoamérica, con mayor atención en personas con cáncer.

Abstract

Introduction: An appropriate self-management by persons living with chronic conditions such as cancer, diabetes, or hypertension, can make a big difference in terms of quality of life. Therefore, it is important to enhance our knowledge regarding how persons suffering from any of these chronic diseases self-manage their condition. Objective: To describe how Peruvian persons living with cancer, diabetes, or hypertension, self-manage their condition. Méthod: This is a transversal-comparative study on a sample of n= 562 Peruvian persons: 160 with cancer, 187 with diabetes, and 215 with hypertension. The sampling was probabilistic and intentional. The Partners in Health (PIH) instrument was used. Descriptive and non-parametric statistics were calculated. The Kruskall Wallis test was used to compare three independent sample types. The difference effects and statistical power were also calculated. Results: The general self-management index and its related dimensions in the three groups were below the general mean respectively. No differences were found between groups in terms of clinical diagnosis (cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension). ρ <0.001; (1- β >.80 and d>0.20). Discussion and Conclusions: Persons with chronic conditions demonstrate inadequate self-management. No differences were found based on the medical diagnosis. Consequently, it is imperative to implement programs aimed at improving self-management, particularly within the first level of attention. More research on the issue needs to be conducted in Latin America, especially regarding persons suffering from cancer.

Resumo

Introdução: A autogestão em pessoas com alguma condições crônicas não é uma opção, realizá-la adequadamente marca a diferença na qualidade de vida de pessoas com uma doença crônica, como câncer, diabetes e hipertensão arterial. Ainda há pouco conhecimento sobre semelhanças ou diferenças na autogestão entre esses três grupos de indivíduos. Objetivo: Descrever a autogestão por meio da análise das diferentes dimensões em três grupos de pessoas com diabetes, hipertensão e câncer. Método: Estudo transversal comparativo com n= 562 pessoas: 160 com câncer, 187 com diabetes e 215 com hipertensão. Amostragem não probabilística intencional. Foi aplicado o instrumento Partners in Health (PIH). Foram utilizadas estatísticas descritivas e não paramétricas por meio do teste de Kruskall Sallis para comparar três amostras independentes, calculou-se o efeito da diferença e a potência estatística. Resultados: O índice geral de autogestão e suas dimensões nos três grupos estão abaixo da média geral, respectivamente. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre os grupos de acordo com o diagnóstico médico (diabetes, hipertensão e câncer). ρ<0.001; (1-β >.80 y d >.20). Discussão e Conclusões: Pessoas com condição crônica apresentam autogestão inadequada, não se identificam diferenças na autogestão global e suas dimensões conforme o diagnóstico médico. Consequentemente, torna-se relevante a implantação de programas genéricos que promovam a autogestão, principalmente no primeiro nível de atenção, aliás devem-se aumentar as pesquisas na América Latina, especialmente em pessoas com câncer.

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Diferencias del automanejo en personas con enfermedades crónicas en población peruana

Differences in self-management among persons with chronic diseases in Peruvian populations

Diferenças na autogestão em pessoas com doenças crônicas na população peruana

Resumen

Abstract

Resumo

Bibliografía