Assessment of delirium in children admitted into the Intensive Care Unit: psCAM-ICU Tool

Ángela María Henao Castaño; Edwar Yamit Pinzón Casas

Ángela María Henao Castaño Facultad de Enfermería. Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Bogotá, Colombia)
Edwar Yamit Pinzón Casas Facultad de Enfermería. Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe. Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Bogotá, Colombia)

Palabras clave: Delirium, Preescolar, Pediatría, Cuidados Críticos, Agitación Psicomotora, Enfermería

Key-words: Delirium, Child, Preschool, Critical Care, Pediatrics, Psychomotor Agitation, Nursing

Palavras chave: Delirium, Pré-escolar, Pediatria, Cuidados Críticos, Agitação Psicomotora, Enfermagem

Resumen

Introducción: el delirium se ha identificado como un factor de riesgo para la mortalidad de pacientes en estado crítico, lo que genera un mayor impacto social y económico, teniendo en cuenta que los pacientes requieren más días de ventilación mecánica y una estancia hospitalaria prolongada en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI), lo que incrementa los costos médicos de su estadía. Objetivo: describir la prevalencia y las características de los episodios de delirium en una muestra de niños de seis meses a cinco años en estado crítico. Métodos: estudio de cohorte en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP) en Bogotá (Colombia). Los participantes fueron evaluados por el método de evaluación de confusión preescolar para la UCI (psCAM-UCI) dentro de las 24 horas iniciales del período de hospitalización. Resultados: una cuarta parte de los participantes (25,8 %) presentó algún tipo de delirium. Entre ellos, se observaron dos subtipos de delirium: el 62,5 % de los casos era hipoactivo y el 37,5 % hiperactivo. Además, el 75% (6) de los participantes delirantes eran hombres y el 25 % (2) mujeres. En 62,5 % de los pacientes el diagnóstico primario fue infección de las vías respiratorias, mientras que la insuficiencia respiratoria fue diagnosticada en el 37,5 % restante. Conclusiones: la implementación de herramientas de monitoreo del delirium con niños en estado crítico proporciona una mejor comprensión de la presentación clínica de este fenómeno y los factores de riesgo asociados, con lo cual es posible contribuir al diseño de estrategias de intervención eficientes

Abstract

Background: Delirium has been identified as a risk factor for the mortality of critically ill patients, generating great social and economic impacts, since patients require more days of mechanical ventilation and a prolonged hospital stay in the intensive care unit (IC U), thus increasing medical costs. Objective: To describe the prevalence and characteristics of delirium episodes in a sample of 6-month to 5-year-old children who are critically ill. Methods: Cohort study at a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) in Bogotá (Colombia). Participants were assessed by the Preschool Confusion Assessment Method for the IC U (psCAM-ICU) within the first twenty- four hours of hospitalization. Results: One quarter of the participants (25.8%) presented some type of delirium. Among them, two sub-types of delirium were observed: 62.5% of the cases were hypoactive and 37.5% hyperactive. Moreover, from them, six were male (75%) and 2 female (25%). Primary diagnosis was respiratory tract infection in 62.55% of the patients, while respiratory failure was diagnosed in the remaining 37.5%. Conclusions: The implementation of delirium monitoring tools in critically ill children provides a better understanding of the clinical manifestation of this phenomenon and associated risk factors in order to contribute to the design of efficient intervention strategies

Resumo

Introdução: o delirium foi identificado como um fator de risco para a mortalidade de pacientes graves, o que gera maior impacto social e econômico, visto que os pacientes necessitam de mais dias de ventilação mecânica e internação prolongada na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI), o que aumenta os custos médicos para a sua estadia. Objetivo: descrever a prevalência e as características dos episódios de delirium em uma amostra de crianças de 6 meses a 5 anos, gravemente doentes. Métodos: estudo de coorte em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica (UTIP) em Bogotá (Colômbia). Os participantes foram avaliados pelo método de avaliação de confusão pré-escolar para a UTI (psCAM-UTI) dentro das primeiras 24 horas do período de internação. Resultados: um quarto dos participantes (25,8%) apresentou algum tipo de delirium. Entre eles, dois subtipos de delirium foram observados: 62,5% dos casos eram hipoativos e 37,5% hiperativos. Além disso, 75% (6) dos participantes delirantes eram do sexo masculino e 25% (2) feminino. Em 62,5 % dos pacientes, o diagnóstico primário foi infecção das vias respiratórias, enquanto a insuficiência respiratória foi diagnosticada em 37,5 % restante. Conclusões: a implementação de instrumentos de monitorização do delirium com crianças gravemente doentes permite uma melhor compreensão da apresentação clínica do fenômeno e dos fatores de risco associados, de forma a contribuir para o desenho de estratégias de intervenção eficazes

Bibliografía

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Assessment of delirium in children admitted into the Intensive Care Unit: psCAM-ICU Tool

Evaluación del delirium en niños ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos: Herramienta psCAM-UCI

Avaliação do delirium em crianças internadas na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva: ferramenta psCAM-UTI

Resumen

Abstract

Resumo

Bibliografía